Anglais 5e — Verbes Irréguliers

Pourquoi des verbes irréguliers ?

Règle générale

En anglais, les verbes réguliers forment leur prétérit et participe passé en ajoutant -ed : play → played → played.

Les verbes irréguliers ne suivent pas cette règle — leurs formes changent de manière imprévisible et doivent être apprises par cœur.

Les 3 formes à connaître

Base form

Forme infinitive du verbe (sans "to")

Utilisée avec : I/you/we/they au présent, do/does, will, can…

go · eat · be

Preterite (V2)

Passé simple — action terminée dans le passé

Utilisé pour raconter une histoire au passé

went · ate · was/were

Past Participle (V3)

Participe passé — utilisé avec have/has/had

I have gone · She has eaten · He had been

gone · eaten · been

⚠️ Les 3 formes sont TOUJOURS dans cet ordre :
Base → Preterite → Past Participle
go → went → gone · see → saw → seen

Exemples d'utilisation

Preterite en contexte

I went to school yesterday.
She saw a movie last night.
They ate pizza for dinner.
He ran very fast.

Past Participle en contexte

I have gone there before.
She has seen that film.
We had eaten already.
He has run 5 km.

Verbes avec 3 formes identiques

cut → cut → cut
put → put → put
hit → hit → hit
let → let → let
hurt → hurt → hurt

Classer les irréguliers par pattern

Reconnaître les patterns aide à mémoriser. Voici les grandes familles :

A – A – A Invariables

Les 3 formes sont identiques.

cut → cut → cut
put → put → put
hit → hit → hit
hurt → hurt → hurt
let → let → let
cost → cost → cost
read* → read* → read*

* prononciation change !

A – B – B V2 = V3

Prétérit et participe passé identiques.

bring → brought → brought
buy → bought → bought
catch → caught → caught
teach → taught → taught
think → thought → thought
make → made → made
say → said → said
meet → met → met
feel → felt → felt
leave → left → left

A – B – A V1 = V3

La base et le participe passé sont identiques.

become → became → become
come → came → come
run → ran → run

A – B – C Toutes différentes

Les 3 formes sont distinctes.

be → was/were → been
go → went → gone
eat → ate → eaten
see → saw → seen
give → gave → given
know → knew → known
take → took → taken
write → wrote → written
speak → spoke → spoken
drive → drove → driven

i → a → u (pattern voyelle)

drink → drank → drunk
sing → sang → sung
swim → swam → swum
begin → began → begun
ring → rang → rung
run → ran → run

Terminaison en -ought/-aught

bring → brought → brought
buy → bought → bought
think → thought → thought
catch → caught → caught
teach → taught → taught
fight → fought → fought

💡 MÉTHODE
Apprends les verbes par groupe de même pattern plutôt qu'un par un. Répète à voix haute : bring – brought – brought, buy – bought – bought, think – thought – thought… Le rythme aide à mémoriser !

60 verbes irréguliers — liste complète

A–A–A invariable A–B–B V2=V3 A–B–A V1=V3 A–B–C tout différent

#	Base form	Preterite (V2)	Past Participle (V3)	Français	Type
1	be	was / were	been	être	A–B–C
2	beat	beat	beaten	battre	A–B–C
3	become	became	become	devenir	A–B–A
4	begin	began	begun	commencer	A–B–C
5	break	broke	broken	casser	A–B–C
6	bring	brought	brought	apporter	A–B–B
7	build	built	built	construire	A–B–B
8	buy	bought	bought	acheter	A–B–B
9	catch	caught	caught	attraper	A–B–B
10	choose	chose	chosen	choisir	A–B–C
11	come	came	come	venir	A–B–A
12	cost	cost	cost	coûter	A–A–A
13	cut	cut	cut	couper	A–A–A
14	do	did	done	faire	A–B–C
15	draw	drew	drawn	dessiner	A–B–C
16	drink	drank	drunk	boire	A–B–C
17	drive	drove	driven	conduire	A–B–C
18	eat	ate	eaten	manger	A–B–C
19	fall	fell	fallen	tomber	A–B–C
20	feel	felt	felt	ressentir	A–B–B
21	fight	fought	fought	se battre	A–B–B
22	find	found	found	trouver	A–B–B
23	fly	flew	flown	voler	A–B–C
24	forget	forgot	forgotten	oublier	A–B–C
25	get	got	got / gotten	obtenir	A–B–B
26	give	gave	given	donner	A–B–C
27	go	went	gone	aller	A–B–C
28	grow	grew	grown	grandir / pousser	A–B–C
29	have	had	had	avoir	A–B–B
30	hear	heard	heard	entendre	A–B–B
31	hit	hit	hit	frapper	A–A–A
32	hold	held	held	tenir	A–B–B
33	hurt	hurt	hurt	blesser / faire mal	A–A–A
34	keep	kept	kept	garder	A–B–B
35	know	knew	known	savoir / connaître	A–B–C
36	leave	left	left	partir / laisser	A–B–B
37	let	let	let	laisser / permettre	A–A–A
38	lose	lost	lost	perdre	A–B–B
39	make	made	made	faire / fabriquer	A–B–B
40	mean	meant	meant	signifier / vouloir dire	A–B–B
41	meet	met	met	rencontrer	A–B–B
42	put	put	put	mettre / poser	A–A–A
43	read	read*	read*	lire	A–A–A
44	ride	rode	ridden	chevaucher / faire du vélo	A–B–C
45	ring	rang	rung	sonner	A–B–C
46	run	ran	run	courir	A–B–A
47	say	said	said	dire	A–B–B
48	see	saw	seen	voir	A–B–C
49	sell	sold	sold	vendre	A–B–B
50	send	sent	sent	envoyer	A–B–B
51	sing	sang	sung	chanter	A–B–C
52	sleep	slept	slept	dormir	A–B–B
53	speak	spoke	spoken	parler	A–B–C
54	spend	spent	spent	dépenser / passer du temps	A–B–B
55	stand	stood	stood	se tenir debout	A–B–B
56	swim	swam	swum	nager	A–B–C
57	take	took	taken	prendre	A–B–C
58	teach	taught	taught	enseigner	A–B–B
59	tell	told	told	dire / raconter	A–B–B
60	think	thought	thought	penser	A–B–B
61	throw	threw	thrown	lancer / jeter	A–B–C
62	understand	understood	understood	comprendre	A–B–B
63	wake	woke	woken	se réveiller	A–B–C
64	wear	wore	worn	porter (vêtement)	A–B–C
65	win	won	won	gagner	A–B–B
66	write	wrote	written	écrire	A–B–C

* read : orthographe identique mais prononciation différente au prétérit et participe passé (/rɛd/ au lieu de /riːd/)

Irregular Verbs

Pourquoi des verbes irréguliers ?

Les 3 formes à connaître

Exemples d'utilisation

Classer les irréguliers par pattern

60 verbes irréguliers — liste complète

⚡ Quiz — Verbes irréguliers